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Megaloblastic anemia

Megaloblastic anemia

Definition

Megaloblastic anemia is a blood disorder in which there is anemia with larger-than-normal red blood cells.

Alternative Names

Anemia - megaloblastic

Causes

Megaloblastic anemia is usually caused by a deficiency of folic acid or vitamin B12. Other causes are:

Risk factors relate to the causes.

See also: Pernicious anemia

Symptoms

Exams and Tests

Examination of the nervous system may show:

  • Abnormal reflexes
  • Decreased sense of position
  • Decreased sense of vibration
  • Serum ferritin Tests include:

Treatment

The first goal is to diagnose the cause of the anemia. The treatment depends on the cause. Anemias related to specific vitamin deficiencies are discussed separately.

Outlook (Prognosis)

The outcome depends on the cause of the anemia.

Possible Complications

Complications vary with the cause of the anemia.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop symptoms of this condition.

Prevention

Getting enough vitamin B12 and folic acid is helpful.

Antony AC. Megoblastic anemias. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 170.

Review Date: 11/23/2008
Reviewed By: David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Yi-Bin Chen, MD, Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
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